Tuesday, August 25, 2020
Toni Cade Bambaras The Lesson Essays - The Lesson, Toni Cade Bambara
Toni Cade Bambara's The Lesson Article on The Lesson by Toni Cade Bambara Toni Cade Bambara's The Lesson is a very elegantly composed bit of history. This is a story from yesterday, when Harlem youngsters didn't have great training or the cash to jump on it. Bambara's story tells about a young lady who doesn't generally have the foggiest idea how to take it when a decent instructor at last comes along. This present young lady's entire life is inside the neediness blasted zone and she doesn't perceive any reason why she should make a decent attempt. The instructor, Miss Moore, gives them what it is about by taking them to a rich toy store, one in which a solitary toy costs more than year's gracefully of food. We promptly discover that Miss Moore isn't the normal Harlem educator. She is taught herself, alongside being extremely obstinate. The kids clarify that she has nappy hair and no cosmetics, likely meaning that she was a piece of the African American development. Miss Moore was more than number juggling and spelling. She endeavored to show the youngster s life and legislative issues also. In a manner the kids were guiltless before Miss Moore tagged along. They imagined that every other person old, inept, youthful, or stupid while the youngsters were great. Miss Moore gave them what they genuinely were-and why instruction was so significant. The main thing learned is that neediness is a lifestyle for these youngsters. Despite the fact that they realize they are poor, it doesn't trouble them since everybody there is poor. It's alright to be without when there isn't any opposition. A case of this is seen when the kids discuss their examination territories at home. Just one of them really have a work area and paper, and the others barely care about it. Rather they enlighten her to quiet down regarding it. The kids are pleased with themselves and of their life. Miss Moore at last leads the children to the toy store. The are promptly astonished by the toys in the windows; in any event, proclaiming which ones they were going to purchase. The youngsters appeared to realize they couldn't bear the cost of the toys, yet they didn't figure they would be off by a lot. The once daring and pleased and solid kids were tottered at the entryway, none of which needing to go in first. Here is where they get smacked in the face. Here is the place they first observe that they don't have a place here. In the long run one of them pushes through the group and dedicates herself completely to the display of toys. They go around looking at the changed articles. Miss Moore effectively expresses the idea by driving them to the way that one toy costs as much as their family eats in a year. At long last they want to battle for more than they have. One thing that pulls the peruser profoundly into the story is the portrayal. It is told through the eye's of a little Harlem young lady. She thinks she is extreme and mean however the peruser sees she isn't by figuring out the real story. The best piece of the portrayal is the voice. The lines tha t are perused are in the tongue of the young lady. This gives the voice a graceful beat that keeps the story streaming. With out slang the story would lose a ton of it's heart. Theater Essays
Saturday, August 22, 2020
Exploring Qualitative and Quantitative Research Essay
In brain research, answers to our inquiries are not as compact as in different kinds of sciences, and the discoveries basically rely on the basic epistemology utilized. This article looks to characterize and inspect the fields of subjective and quantitative research. It will address the various epistemologies and techniques of every worldview, and expect to give you a short diagram of the two primary research strategies fundamental logical information. Subjective research is frequently just characterized rather than Quantitative research; That is, it doesn't include measurements, nor does it rely upon the degree of objectivity that describes the quantitative methodology. While quantitative research expects to order members in numerical structure by making factual models to answer explicit estimates; Qualitative research doesn't begin with a particular speculation, rather it looks to get practices, and encounters (McQueen and Knussen, 2013, p.422). Subjective specialists will in gener al work under unexpected epistemological convictions in comparison to that of quantitative scientists. Dissimilar to quantitative specialists who utilize fixed instruments with little adaptability, Qualitative scientists permit inquiries to radiate and reshape themselves as the examination unfurls (Krauss, 2005, p. 759). The subjective scientist is occupied with the world they examine, making an unstructured and intelligent component to the examination, where the researchersââ¬â¢ information, emotive connections, and past encounters all structure a piece of the exploration (Ponterotto, 2010, p.583). As per Guba and Lincoln (as refered to in Ponterotto, 2005, p.128) there are four fundamental research ideal models: postpositivism, constructivism-interpretivism and the basic ideological and positivism point of view. Of these four ideal models, positivism is exclusively embraced in the quantitative methodology, while the three residual ideal models are used in the subjective methodology (Ponterotto, 2010, p.581). Postpositivism depends on basic authenticity, and utilizations customary subjective strategies, in as quantifiable way as is conceivable. Postpositivists accept that in spite of the fact that there is a reality free ofâ human awareness, one can never genuinely catch a target perspective on this reality (Ponterotto, 2005, p.129). Postpositivists keep up that despite the fact that the scientist may have some effect on the exploration, the support of objectivity stays critical in the examination procedure (Ponterotto, 2005, p.131). While the postpositive worldview receives a changed dualist/objectivist approach, the constructivism-interpretivism worldview depends on relativism. Constructivists believe reality to be experienced distinctively by every person, rather than being an outer and particular reality. (Ponterotto, 2005, p.129). Ponterotto (2005) considers the constructivist worldview as value-based and abstract, making the association between the analyst and member cardinal in catching the ââ¬Å"lived experienceâ⬠; with the scientist and member, together, develop the discoveries from their communications (Pon terotto, 2005, p.129-131). Like constructivists, the criticalists presume that the truth is built inside a social-chronicled setting, the distinction being, that criticalists imagine reality through force relations and utilize their examination to comprehend survivors of abuse and try to reveal structures of intensity (Ponterotto, 2005, p.130-131). The researcherââ¬â¢s values assume a key job, as member strengthening and liberation are the researcherââ¬â¢s objective. Connections among specialists and members are abstract and value-based with the relationship being rationalization in nature (Ponterotto, 2005, p.130-131). Rather than the subjective ideal models, the fundamental element of quantitative research is that it reflects the common sciences by receiving a positivist methodology which is dualist and goal in nature. Positivism expect the hypothetico-deductive technique, that is, analysts begin with an exploration question and speculation, and afterward detail a method of estimating or demonstrating it (Ponterotto, 2005, p.128). Ponterotto (2005) further expresses that the point of quantitative research is the expectation, and control of factors that can be communicated as scientific equations to decide practical connections. These contrasting ontological methodologies bring to pass varying methodological methodologie s. System alludes to the procedures and strategies of the exploration. Research techniques utilized incorporate perception, interviews, center gatherings, reviews, contextual investigations, polls and examination of content (Ponterotto, 2005, p.132). Observational research is non-trial inquire about where an analyst watches progressing conduct. Itâ can be unstructured, semi-organized, organized, member or non-member (Wellington& Szczerbinski, 2007, p.80). A few constraints to this kind of research are language and social hindrances just as the danger of onlooker inclination, with one of the favorable circumstances being that the analyst accesses data they ordinarily wouldnââ¬â¢t have. Perception is regularly utilized in subjective research, yet can be utilized in quantitative research before structuring polls (Wellington& Szczerbinski, 2007, p.80). Similarly as with perception, meetings and center gatherings can be organized, semi-organized and unstructured, and can utilize photos, notes, recordings and tape chronicles to improve information quality. Talking permits the analyst to guide and brief things that we can't watch, it likewise permits us to get a comprehension of the participantââ¬â¢s record of the wonder (Wellington& Szczerbinski, 2007, p.86). A few restrictions can be the utilization of dubious inquiries, and extreme inciting and addressing by the questioner, which can contort the nature of information. Talking is commonly used in subjective research, however can be utilized in quantitative research utilizing shut finished inquiries (Wellington& Szczerbinski, 2007, p.86). Another type of strategy is that of Case contemplates which are an inside and out perceptions of a solitary subject, or a little gathering of people. Contextual analyses are regarded valuable in attempting to comprehend complex mental marvel that either are not surely known or can't be repeated tentatively (Burton, Westen, and Kowalski, 2012 p.55). Two worries of utilizing this strategy is eyewitness inclination and generalisability because of the little example size, be that as it may, this can be overwhelmed by utilizing a multi-contextual investigation technique. This strategy is commonly utilized in subjective research, be that as it may, can likewise be utilized in quantitative research (Burton, Westen, and Kowalski, 2012 p.55). Likewise with contextual analyses, polls and reviews are a type of elucidating research. It includes inquiries regarding practices and convictions utilizing a bigger example size (Wellington& Szczerbinski, 2007, p.96). One constraint is the absence of interpretive chance, and unintended fundamental inclination. Reviews and surveys are to a great extent utilized in quantitative research utilizing close finished inquiries, yet can be utilized in subjective research utilizing open finished inquiries. (Wellington& Szczerbinski, 2007, p.96). The primary contrast between the fields of study develop when we take a gander at the procedures of information investigation. Ice (2011) distinguishes four principle strategies for information examination inâ qualitative research, these are grounded hypothesis, interpretive phenomenology (IPA), talk investigation, and account examination. Grounded hypothesis involves making classifications and subjects and afterward directing relative investigation to create theory. IPA investigations information by attempting to comprehend the participantââ¬â¢s encounters by coding reoccurring examples and implications all through the content. Talk examination includes breaking down and deconstructing spoken, composed, or any noteworthy semiotic occasion and doling out importance to it. Account examination centers around the manner in which individuals use stories to decipher and offer significance to the world and gives a valuable route to the specialist to investigate and depict real factors (Frost, 2011, p. 19-94). Two different types of procedure generally utilized, however not examined here, are ethnography and activity inquire about. (McQueen and Knussen, 2013, pp.430-433). On the other hand, the center ideas of quantitative research are generalizability, unwavering quality, target estimation, and legitimacy, combined with three kinds of research strategies including correlational structures, exploratory plans, and unmistakable structures (VanderStoep and Johnson, 2008 pp.91-108). Though connection and engaging structures includes recognizing the connection between two factors, test plans permit scientists to make cases of easygoing induction, which takes a gander at which variable is the reason and which is the impact (VanderStoep and Johnson, 2008 pp.91-108). Quantitative information is broke down utilizing factual examination which is comprised of clear and inferential insights, and incorporate the, T-test, relationship, standard deviation, mode, mean, and middle and chi-square (VanderSto ep and Johnson, 2008 pp47-100). In rundown, subjective and quantitative research strategies have a ton to offer in mental research, however with each examination approach there are qualities and shortcomings. While a few scholars contend that mental research can be mutilated by subjectivity, others contend that not all human conduct and believing is in every case carefully consistent. While subjective strategies are additional tedious and harder to complete, they accentuate legitimacy and information quality; and keeping in mind that quantitative techniques are frequently thought of as unbending and giving constrained information, it guarantees dependability (Hayes, 2000 pp. 169-170). It very well may be seen from the above conversation that distinctive research questions, require diverse research draws near. Susan Oââ¬â¢Neill (1999) led a subjective contextual investigation to analyze features of a womenââ¬â¢s character andâ subjectivity in her translation of living with OCD. The examination was led in two semi-stru
Wednesday, July 29, 2020
How to Budget When You Have Irregular Income
How to Budget When You Have Irregular Income How to Budget When You Have Irregular Income How to Budget When You Have Irregular IncomeBudgeting is difficult enough when you have the same income every month, but folks with irregular or seasonal income might as well be budgeting on hard mode.Budgeting can be a real pain. It not only means spending less money on things, but it also means taking time out of your busy day to craft and track your budgetâ"time youâd probably rather spend doing almost anything else.But while it can be annoying to spend an hour or two elbows-deep in spreadsheets, budgeting can be downright infuriating if you donât have a regular income.At a basic level, making a budget means writing down all your income and expenses each month, and then figuring out what you can cut down on. Thatâs a lot more difficult to do if you donât have the same income every month.Do you average your income out across the year? What about the months where youâll inevitably come up short? On the other hand, if you base your budget off the month in which you get the least amount of income in any given year, you might not be getting an accurate picture either.So how can you budget if you have different income month to month? We spoke to the experts to find out!Use a big sample size.While just averaging out multiple months of income isnât a silver bullet of budgeting, it is a good place to start. Just make sure you have a big enough sample size.âThe most important aspect to budgeting on an irregular income is forecasting and projecting as closely as possible,â Kelan Kline of The Savvy Couple (@TheSavvyCouple )told us. âWhether you are a business owner, car salesman, or work a job with flexible hours, you should be able to calculate your projected earnings.âAs you go it will get easier because you have a larger sample size to pull data from. You can start tracking your âsix-month earningsâ which will help better project your future earnings.âThis is especially important if your job is seasonal in nature.Hereâs an example from business consultant Ken âMr. Bizâ Wentworth (@MrBizTweets):âThe key to overcoming seasonal/cyclical income is to develop your budget based on history. For example, if your business is seasonal, you can determine the average of your total annual revenue that occurs for each month of the year.Too often, people get lazy and straight-line their budget. That produces an almost useless budget. You canât make informed decisions if you donât accurately know how youâre trending vs. your annual target.âIf you ignore seasonality with a $1.2 million annual goal, you will project a monthly revenue goal of $100k. However, what if you run a northern business that is dependent upon the weather? Something such as a lawn care company. Most northern climate lawn care companies make the bulk of their revenues in the April through September timeframe. So, January through March are SLOW months.Without including cyclicality in your budget, at the end of March you would expect to have $300K in revenue ($1.2 million / 12 months = 100k per month). However, you have $0 in revenue! You would be ready to jump off the nearest tall building because you are $300K behind! That scenario does not account for the seasonality in your business.âOn the flip side, what if your business made the majority of its revenue in the winter months?Letâs say through the end of March you have accumulated $450K of revenue. If you just use the straight-line method, you will be popping champagne bottles because you will think you are 50 percent ahead of budget:Straight-line budget through March = $300K of revenueActual revenue = $450K$150K above a $300K budget = 50 percent on the plus side!âIn this scenario, you are about to head into several months with no revenue. Letâs say April through October donât amount to any revenue. Put another wayâ"you need to earn all of your $1.2 million in annual revenue during November-March. Thatâs just five months!While this is a bit of an extreme exam ple, these types of cyclical scenarios do exist. Depending on your industry, it may even be prevalent.âFigure out what you can cut.Once you have a good picture of your budget, itâs time to figure out where you can make cuts.âWhen budgeting from paycheck to paycheck, you need to establish exactly what outgoing expenditure you cannot cut from your budget,â advised Kraig Martin, commercial director at Storage Vault (@storagevault). âThis includes basics like rent, utilities, travel, and food.Next, make a separate list of regular expenditures that arenât classed as essential, whether this is meeting up for coffee with friends or your Netflix subscription. When you get paid, you will clearly be able to prioritize expenditures.âEmergency fund, emergency fund, emergency fund.Having an emergency fund is important no matter your financial situation. Weâve mentioned it a few times before. But itâs all the more important if you arenât certain of what your next paycheck will bring, or if this month will even have a paycheck.âYou need to establish a larger emergency savings fund,â explained CPA Riley Adams (@TheRiles89). âIdeally, youâd have a six-month cushion to cover your bare necessities. However, because of the unpredictability of your income, you might wish to budget for 9-12 months of expenses to add some cushion.âKline echoed the emergency fund advice: âAs always its important to have a little buffer in your budget and even more important to have an emergency fund set up when your income dips from time to time.âEven if you have a regular income, you should be putting money into an emergency fund as often as you can. Otherwise, you could end up relying on predatory payday loans or cash advances when faced with an unforeseen expense. Thats definitely something you want to avoid!Whatever you do, stay disciplined.It can be easy to get a few good months in a row and think you can loosen up your budget a little. But thatâs not a gre at path to go down.âAnother trick is to fight lifestyle inflation if you get a few good months of income in a row,â warned Adams. âIt can be deceiving and make you think this newfound income level is here to stay.A best practice would be to average your previous 12 months of expenses and use that as your baseline spend. This fights the urge to spend more when youâre making more.âHaving an irregular income is like playing the budget game on hard mode. But with practice, you too can get the high score!Dont let poor budgeting be the reason you have to turn to no credit check loans and bad credit loans when times get tough. To learn more about budgeting, check out these related posts and articles from OppLoans:A Beginnerâs Guide to BudgetingNew Year, New Budget: 7 Tips to Help You Budget Better This YearHow to Save Money When Youâre Already on a Tight Budget10 Good Money Habits to Make Your Friends JealousDo you have a question about budgeting youd like us to answer? Let us know! You can find us on Facebook and Twitter. | InstagramContributorsRiley Adams (@TheRiles89) is a licensed CPA in the state of Louisiana working as a Senior Financial Analyst for a Fortune 500 company in New Orleans. He has a personal finance blog dedicated to helping young professionals find financial independence at YoungAndTheInvested.com.Kelan and Brittany Kline aka The Savvy Couple are two thriving millennials that are daring to live differently. They started their personal finance blog in September 2016 to help others get money $avvy so they can live a frugal and free lifestyle. Brittany is a full-time 4th-grade teacher and Kelan runs The Savvy Couple full-time and works as a digital marketer. You can follow them here: Facebook, Twitter, Pinterest, and Instagram.Kraig Martin is the Commercial Director at Storage Vault (@storagevault), one of Scotlandâs largest self-storage companies. He is passionate about being money-smart, and, through this role, he has developed and refined his financial management skills, monitoring the companyâs turnover, profit, and budgeting.Ken âMr. Bizâ Wentworth (@MrBizTweets) is a strategic business partner who works with small business owners to help them operate more profitably and more efficiently. You can learn more at MrBizSolutions.com.
Friday, May 22, 2020
What Does Money Mean in an Economic Context
Money is a good that acts as a medium of exchange in transactions. Classically, it is said that money acts as a unit of account, a store of value, and a medium of exchange. Most authors find that the first two are nonessential properties that follow from the third. In fact, other goods are often better than money at being intertemporal stores of value, since most monies degrade in value over time through inflation or the overthrow of governments.à By this definition, what we typically think of as moneyââ¬âcurrencyââ¬âdoes, in fact, fit the economic definition of money, but so do a lot of other items in the economy.à Economists are quick to point out that money in an economy can take different forms, but these different forms usually carry different levels of liquidity. Journal Articles Discussing Money Credit, Money, and Aggregate DemandLong-Term Contracts, Rational Expectations, and the Optimal Money Supply RuleOne Money, One Market: The Effect of Common Currencies on Trade
Saturday, May 9, 2020
Life After Myself Paragraph
Life After Myself Paragraph There are not any differences in my personal loved ones. The socially acceptable model of family is the folks that are biologically related to you. The only thing which has changed is the kind of family that holds society up. Another reason family is extremely important to me is that they're people who love and understand me. There are a lot of benefits and pitfalls of the joint family that I have mentioned below. There are many facets that help strengthen family relationships. Many times there are things which we aren't able to share with our loved ones but we don't be afraid to share them with our pals. A nice and healthier family makes an excellent society and ultimately a fantastic society involves in creating an excellent country. A Startling Fact about Myself Paragraph Uncovered The cover letter is a helpful supplement that may help to make your abilities and expertise stick out. Not only does making an introduction call for a significant period of time, additionally, it demands a great deal of your brain's processing power. Even though the notion is easy, doing the process right is surprisingly complicated. 1 dramatic illustration is using the word hysterical. Keep in mind, everyone is in the exact circumstance and wants to connect and make new pals. You don't need to become best friend s with everyone you meet in your initial few weeks. Give the reader a feel that you're just a human being at the close of the day. The parents deal with the youngster and demonstrate a sense of happiness as soon as the youngster achieves something. A Startling Fact about Myself Paragraph Uncovered The thesis statement tells you exactly what you want to demonstrate in your paper. The ideal way to publish your letter depends about what you'd enjoy and which department you want. The letter may be neatly handwritten, also it might be typed and printed. The sample letter is composed of sensible arrangement that can help you to make an optimal/optimally reference letter easily. So, utilizing the ideal sample reference letter is an effortless process to make an outstanding service legislation letter. Set your own boundaries for what you need and don't wish to share. It makes it feasible to finish the assignments faster and efficiently. In order to work out what your private pitch is, you've got to ask yourself some very important questions as a way to develop a prepared reaction. The Advantages of Myself Paragraph So, this introduction isn't the comprehensive introduction. Write a topic sentence to state the principal idea that you would like to communicate about your family members. Well, it is dependent on context. The belief that the guy or woman ought to be allowed to remain in the country and also be granted citizenship needs to be restated within the previous paragraph too. As you're normally requested to write about something you enjoy or enjoy, opinions are predicted to be generally positive. As soon as you have answered that question, you are prepared to go. Often it reads to be an unanswered question. The Meaning of Myself Paragraph Writing a great paragraph takes practice. Students who want to go for a succinct span path for under six months wouldn't require the analysis license. Starting with a hook within this very first section is extremely important. She's the same as a smart counsel for use. Applicants ought to be service-oriented. Statements are made by them for a number of explanations. Predicated around the circumstance, you might love to also cover the applicant's romance together with familymembers. Perhaps you've got basic questions regarding the nation you want to visit to. An individual, who's only a keen observer can't be an excellent researcher, but an excellent researcher must also possess the standard of having the ability to jot down his results, in a comprehensible fashion, so that valid conclusions could be drawn out of it. Establishing respectful relationships during the very first few weeks can help you throughout the remainder of the year.
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Ielts vs Toefl Free Essays
Many students around the world look forward for studying in the United State of America. They are required to pass any English as A Second Language exam. The two most popular exams for international students are the TOEFL-IBT and the IELTS. We will write a custom essay sample on Ielts vs Toefl or any similar topic only for you Order Now Many students get confused which exam is easier for them. In fact, it depends on the student to decide which is the easiest for him or her. There are many reasons to consider whether to choose taking the IELTS or the TOEFL-IBT. One of the biggest differences between these exams is in the speaking section. In the TOEFL-IPT, students use computers to take the exam. The speaking section on the TOEFL-IBT requires listening to six conversations and lectures, then students must talk about the conversations or the lectures that they heard for one minutes each. In the IELTS, students do not use computers and do not listen to any conversation or lecture. They speak with examiners instead of computers. The examiners ask some general and specific questions then they must answer these questions. Many students say that the IELTS is easier than the TOEFL-IBT in the speaking section because it is more reliable. For example, in the TOEFL-IBT, some students may get lectures about subjects that they are not familiar with such as physics and chemistry. Many students say it is difficult to speak for one minute with computers under pressure about something that they have not talked about before. On the IELTS, on the other hand, students get general and specific questions such as education, sport and business. They said that they can speak and discus with examiners about these questions and it is the best way to measure their abilities in speaking. The second difference between the TOEFL-IBT and the IELTS exams is in the writing section. The biggest difference is in the way that students write. In the TOEFL-IBT, students use computers in the whole exam. Therefore, they should type two essays in sixty minutes. On the IELTS, on the other hand, students use paper and pencils to write their essays. They must write two different essays in sixty minute by hand. It is obvious that it depends on the students to choose what is easier for them. For example, some students are good writer on the computer. They can type faster than writing by hand. Therefore, they prefer the TOEFL-IBT rather than the IELTS because they can write more word in less time using computers. On the other hand, some students prefer the IELTS because they are very slow writers using computers. It takes them more time to write and look for the letters on the keyboard. As a result, they prefer the IELTS because they used to write by hand and they do not want to waste their time looking for the liters on the keyboard. The third difference is in the listening section. In the TOEFL-IBT, students get questions first. They can read the questions and prepare for what they should listen to, then they listen to the lectures or conversations. On the other hand, the students who take the TOEFL-IBT are not allowed to read any question that they will be asked. Therefore, they listen to the lectures or the conversations and take notes then they get the questions. In fact, many students believe that the TOEFL-IBT is difficult in the Listening Section because they do not know what they will be asked after the lectures. For example, in the TOEFL-IBT, many students get confused while they are listening to the lectures. The lectures normally take six minutes and they cannot take note on everything that the lectures say. On the IELTS, the students hear the lectures while they read questions. They can answer questions directly then they can move to the next question. In the end, many students work hardly to learn English to study in the U. S. many of them have good English abilities but they fail in English as A Second Language exams. Some students choose wrong exams that do not match their skills. They do not know the differences between the TOEFL-IBT and the IELTS. The Writing, Speaking and Listening sections are different between the TOEFL-IBT and the IELTS. How to cite Ielts vs Toefl, Essay examples
Wednesday, April 29, 2020
MacBeth - Character Changes Essays (1246 words) -
MacBeth - Character Changes MacBeth - Character Changes "This dead butcher and his fiend like queen", is the way in which Malcolm describes Macbeth and Lady Macbeth. Describe the way in which these two characters changed during the course of the play. At the beginning of the play Macbeth is seen as a courageous soldier who is loyal to the King but is corrupted from the witches prophecies and by his and Lady Macbeth's ambition. This is because of the weakness of Macbeth's character and the strong power of Lady Macbeth and how she is easily able to influence him. Her strength motivates him at the start but after he realises what he has done it is himself that continues in his murderous, bloody path. At the beginning of the play Lady Macbeth appears as a kind wife of Macbeth's but underneath lies a scheming and treacherous woman. In the beginning of the play Macbeth is a strong soldier who fights for the King without mercy but his strive for ambition and his curious nature leads him to the witches who give him a prophecy. Banquo realises that there must be a trick hidden in the witches prophecies somewhere but Macbeth refuses to accept that, and when Lady Macbeth finds out about the witches her strong desire for ambition and her cold nature leads Macbeth astray. Macbeth is a little ambitious at first, but Lady Macbeth's far exceeds his and so she is able to get Macbeth to agree with her to kill King Duncan. Macbeth still has a conscience at this stage because he is very hesitant about killing the King but his weak nature over comes him. He has a conscience throughout the entire play as this is seen by the hallucinations of the dagger and the ghost of Banquo and his vivid imagination and his constant worry also provokes him. This is also evident in his terrible dreams which gives the solid theme that he has indeed "murdered sleep". Throughout the play we see the character of Macbeth change not from just the way he thinks and what we hear from the play, but from the actions he takes in the play, from killing Banquo, then having Lady Macduff and her children murdered, shows the insecurity that was present in Macbeth. After the murder of Duncan Macbeth becomes paranoid and his first step of killing the guards is one of many that Macbeth takes to secure himself. Macbeth is also very superstitious and this is shown when he believes the prophecy the witches told him that Banquo's offspring would become Kings. Towards the end of the play when Macbeth's wife has died and the battle is drawing closer Macbeth shows some good which may have been. He wishes for a normal life for which he would have lived to an honourable age but he recognises that he has denied himself of this. Even when Macbeth hears that the prophecy has become true of Birnam Wood coming to Dunsinane, he rejects this idea and fights on until he realises that Macduff wasn't born in a natural birth but instead was "Untimely ripped" from his mother's womb. When Macbeth hears of this he realises what he has done and how he has been tricked by the witches but instead he realises that it is useless and so he fights on only to be slain. Macbeth can be summarised into a character although strong physically he is very weak mentally and it is this weakness which causes the downfall and change of Macbeth. Other factors do however also contribute to this change such as his wife whose ambition is very strong at first and is much more stronger mentally than Macbeth but it is also Macbeth's ambition and his trust in the witches which ultimately change him. Lady Macbeth seems to be almost opposite compared to that of Macbeth in physical and mental power. Lady Macbeth is the person who is able to persuade Macbeth into killing Duncan, assuring Macbeth that it will succeed, as Lady Macbeth's ambition is far greater than that of Macbeth. This change in the character of Lady Macbeth is apparent after she reads the letter from Macbeth as she goes and talks to the evil spirits to make herself evil with lines such as "Fill me from the crown to the toe-top full of direst cruelty! Make thick my blood". She goes to the extent of planning the murder of Duncan and assumes full responsibility of this. She exerts a lot of power over Macbeth in this part of the play and even
Friday, March 20, 2020
U.S. Economy and Student Debts Review Essay
U.S. Economy and Student Debts Review Essay U.S. Economy and Student Debts Review Essay Example U.S. Economy and Student Debts Review Essay Example American economy is undeniably the most successful in the world. However, it continues to face diverse problems that need to be urgently addressed before escalating into an uncontrollable crisis that would be difficult to handle. The Obama administration has been trying to solve the matters such as the growing inequalities between wealthy individuals and those who do not have access to the financial and wealth resources. Migrants, such as Latinos, had an opportunity to be integrated into the employment systems in order to solve the widening inequalities. The continuously expanding gap between the rich and the poor will affect the economy in different ways, including changes in the derivatives market and in proprietary trading, the fall in financial regulatory mechanisms, and the decrease of democracy in the country. Moreover, increasing long-term employment for fulltime positions could lead to the increase of family incomes by 2016, improvement of the economy wage bill, and increase of the demand for goods and services. The rising student debt would raise the cost of living for most families, the borrowing of the government, reduced other sectorsââ¬â¢ development, and budgetary problems in the state and the entire country. This paper explicates the long-term implications on the U.S. economy of the increasing income and wealth gap, raised employment for fulltime jobs, and growing student debts. The Long-Term Implications for the U.S. Economy of Increasing Income and Wealth Inequality (Gap) The American working culture provides that individuals work for a living as well as feel that it is their moral obligation. Therefore, many Americans regardless of their financial status are employed or working for themselves. According to Steinberg, Porro and Goldberg (2012), the 2007 financial crisis caused a reverse in employment leading to increased poverty and wealth inequalities in the country. Notably, the 2007 economic crisis caused many problems that must be resolved. For example, such events as the housing bubble burst dwindled the financial sector. Therefore, the banks could not afford to lend. The construction workers and their contracting companies lost their jobs. Consequently, tax revenue decreased, which provided the government with less profit to foster development. Shapiro, Meschede and Osoro (2013) assert that most citizens in the U.S. have become affluent over the years since President Lyndon Johnson declared the fight against poverty in 1964. However, the poverty rate in the country amount to 25%, and the declining efforts to fight poverty have continued expanding the gap between the wealthy and the poor in the entire country. As the wealth and income gaps continue to widen, the poor and the middle income workers are forced to work more to pay the elite. Such self-interest contributes to an unprecedented growth in the wealth division since homeowners begin to default on their loans, and shareholdersââ¬â¢ securities become worthless. While the elite prosper, a large part of the poorest families will continue suffering in the future. Some of the notable long-term implications of the increasing wealth and income inequality gaps are discussed below. Future changes in the derivatives market From the financial perspective, derivatives comprise the largest part of the unregulated financial sector. The International Monetary Fund (2011) affirms that derivatives offer traders and sellers the opportunity to engage in their transactions at a further date, hence avoiding any complications in their operations. Elliot and Lewis (2013) inform that derivatives have been in use since the 17th century, and most traders have continued relying on them for successful activities in the market. An expanding unregulated sector raises various concerns because it is solely responsible for the growth of institutions and the assurance of a balance between the financially challenged citizens and the wealthy class. Riccards (2012) considers that the elite set of financially able individuals have developed businesses that are mainly focused on the generation of profit,s hence affecting the growth of the entire country. Consequently, the future of the American wealth gap situation is faced by unr eliable housing bubble as well as financial derivatives. It will be difficult to trade in derivatives in the future because only a few individuals will have the capacity to work in such conditions, hence derailing the market. Their success depends on the ability of many people to participate in the market freely. It will not be easy for the poor to get the opportunity to contribute to the growth of such markets because they do not have the resources to engage in them. Apart from their poverty, they will not have the opportunity to visit school and learn about the significance of derivatives in the process of economic growth. Future changes in proprietary trading Sexton (2013) affirms that the income and wealth gaps continue to widen proprietary trading, which is unregulated. Proprietary trading provides banks with the opportunity to trade commercial money in the capacity of investment budget. Therefore, the banks have ability to speculate against derivatives made of sub-prime mortgages that they had lent due to their customersââ¬â¢ commercial money. Shapiro, Meschede and Osoro (2013) agree that in 1929, proprietary trading played a tremendous role in causing the Great Depression, and in 1933, the Congress passed the Glass-Steagall Act to prevent the future use of proprietary trading and help prevent financial crisis. However, the increase of wealth gap gives power to wealthy people who require such actions to safeguard their interest. The passing of proprietary trading legislation will further contribute to the growth of the housing bubble and its subsequent collapse, but will leave the financial sector if the earnings partially decrease due to the effects of the proprietary trading practice. Future fall in democracy Due to the growing division of wealth and incomes witnessed during the financial crisis, it could be noted that the federal governmentââ¬â¢s ability to work democratically is deteriorating where financial elites are rising to power. Due to its inability to withstand powerful interests from the financial sector, the federal government is losing its ability to govern democratically. According to Schneirov and Fernandez (2013), the citizens consider the government legitimate if it is able to maintain control and stability of its society. In tandem with the growing housing bubble and the Great Recession, the government demonstrated its inability to manage the financial sector and subsequently the entire American economy. The nationââ¬â¢s second worst financial crisis was triggered by deregulating financial sector, which was encouraged by its interests in politics. Doogan (2013) states that the result of the governmentââ¬â¢s inability to protect the economic well-being of American citizens indicates its fading ability to secure the future of the entire country. According to the definition of democracy as a government that is able to listen to its people objectively and protect their interests adequately, the federal government is unable to represent and protect the best interest of taxpayers from the financial sector interests. This reason should challenge the U.S. government to continue working on decreasing the wealth and income disparities among its citizens. Riccards (2012) insists that the wealthy class will replace the government and will be in a sole position to make economic decisions that favor their trading activities. In this case, fiscal policies that are usually undertaken by the go vernment will be skewed and focused on protecting the interests of the wealthiest and financially powerful individuals, hence impairing democracy of the economy. Fall of the financial regulatory enforcement The financial regulatory enforcement is struggling to follow the increase in wealth and income inequality gap. Therefore, many organizations that it relies on appear to be losing track because they cannot correspond to the financial sectorââ¬â¢s growing pace. The financial market has been growing at exorbitant rates. The amount of outstanding credit that sustains the growing financial sector has increased during the past twenty years, and the highest growth occurred in the past decade. Doogan (2013) indicates that much of this increase can be attributed to the expanding derivatives market, which is, as stated earlier, increased by 100% from 1998 to 2008. It is worth noting that the financial sector regulation has continued to lag behind the growing institutions, and the divergence has grown since the escalation of anti-regulatory ideology in politics in the 1980s. Nevertheless, the efforts have been made towards strengthening the regulatory system since the 1980s through adequate financing and support by the government. According to Krueger, Cramer, and Cho (2013), this causes concerns regarding the regulatorsââ¬â¢ ability to oversee effectively the financial sector and provides insight how the regulators allowed the occurrence of the financial crisis. In the nearest future, the organizations will lack a place to lean the credits in order to boost their business leading to losses or eventually closure. The influence of the wealthy class will overpower the financially challenged citizens, hence making it tough for the financial regulatory mechanism to restore its required efficiency in operations. The Long-Term Effects for the U.S. Economy of Increasing Long-Term Employment for Fulltime Positions Baker and Bernstein (2012) affirm that one of the key long-term effects of increasing employment for full time positions is that the families whose income is below the poverty line will increase triple by 2016. Most families that are currently living in poverty will have an increase of their incomes in the future since parents get the opportunity to work as fulltime employees with a stable salary every month. This implies that the level of poverty could be alleviated, since most families will have access to the decent housing, shelter, and food. The increase in fulltime employment will also mean that these families engage in other business activities due to their financial power and income availability. Kritikos (2014) states that the family businesses will start to emerge in order to increase their income base and meet other rising family needs. The prosperity of families due to the increase in incomes will cause the U.S. economy grow at a desirable level and remain in the dominant position. Continuous dependency of the government and its different projects will gradually reduce, hence leading to stability of the countryââ¬â¢s economy. In tandem with the conventional economic analysis, an increase in the minimum wage would have two significant effects on the employment. First, the employers would have to deal with the high costs of producing goods and services. Krueger, Cramer and Cho (2013) confirm that these costs would be passed to consumers, hence affecting their consumption level of different products and services in the economy. For example, they will be required to pay more to cater for the increasing minimum wages paid to fulltime employees in various organizations. Most employers will deal with this effect by producing fewer goods and services using lesser human resources. Baker and Bernstein (2012) agree that this issue is commonly referred to as a scale effect, and it could deny other people the opportunity of getting these jobs in the future. The second way is that the increase in the minimum wage follow the increased costs for additional fulltime employees compared to using other production strategies such as machines and more productive higher-wage workers. It is crucial to note that some employees will continue focusing on the profit motive trying to save on their low-wage workers to accommodate high-wage workers. Riccards (2012) agrees that this is a substitution effect, which plays an instrumental role in boosting the level of the employment among high-wage employees compared to low-wage ones. However, it is imperative to understand that the conventional economic analysis would not be directly efficient in all situations. For example, when the firms plan to acquire new human resources on a fulltime basis and intend to maintain the current staff, they will have to incur more maintenance costs for them. This implies that increasing the number of fulltime jobs will escalate the overall costs of retaining existing employees and motivate them to realize the economic goals of the company. There are cases when searching requires much time and high costs among the workers. Kritikos (2014) indicates that increasing the minimum wage means that the businesses have to pay the existing workers more in any given case. This is beneficial because it leads to the overall reduction of costs for hiring and retaining new employees within the organization. Most low-wage workers who experience a change in their wages due to minimum wage increases work in the public sector and the government tries to protect their interest all the time. After a little increase of the minimum wage, some employers try to maintain different system of payment for their employees as it was before. Baker and Bernstein (2012) confirm that collective bargaining is used in the determination of some salaries. These usually depend on the costs incurred by the state government in relation to the employee protection. Therefore, an increase in the minimum wage would cause some workers become jobless in cases where they are not producing according to the required levels. New fulltime employees will replace them to ensure that the efficiency of the firm is increased at all levels. Additionally, some firms, especially those that do not engage in the employment of many low-wage workers, but that compete with firms that do, would witness a rise in demand for the different goods and services since the costs of their competitors gradually increase. Such firms would hire more low-wage workers as a result. The variation in employment of low-wage workers changes with the course of time. First, when the minimum wage increases, some firms could prefer accommodating fewer low-wage workers on a fulltime basis while others continue to follow their system. Sexton (2013) asserts that the rise in the demand for their goods and services will also be attributed to the increasing incomes among different individuals. Moreover, the production level will increase, hence leading to the mass production of various goods and services within the economy. The increasing levels of demand will mean that businesses make profits from their activities not depending on a small consumer base. M ost families and individuals will have the power to purchase and consume all categories of products, including the luxurious ones in the economy. For example, increasing full time employment could drastically lead to the growth of the products purchase such as cars and other luxurious goods required by the individuals. Employers might approach minimum wage increases in other modified ways that do not necessarily involve increasing prices or substituting low-wage workers with other appropriate inputs such as machines. For example, they might decide to offset increase of the minimum wage through reducing other costs such as fringe benefits with respect to health insurance or pensions as well as job rewards such as free meals. Employers will be willing to reduce the overall costs of production and increase their profitability. Doogan (2013) considers it is obvious that increasing employment for fulltime jobs will require them to incur more costs for sustaining their staff members. Thus, most of them will establish new strategies such as reducing total employee benefits. This will force the U.S. economy to take different direction where most employees are only paid their basic salaries without any form of additionally benefits. However, the reduction of these benefits will take a moderate approach due to the understanding that most of these workers do not have much profit. In addition, Riccards (2012) clarifies that most employers will take a moderate approach because they fear to face unfavorable tax treatment, as provided in the tax policy of the country. They will also reduce the training costs for their employees to ensure they deal with the rising costs of human resources within their organizations. The Long Term Implications for the U.S. Economy of Rising Student Debts Elliot and Lewis (2013) affirm that a consumer finances survey conducted in 2010 indicated that 45% of all American families are burdened with outstanding student loan debts. This rate rose by 33% in 2007. Most of the student debt in America is held by people who are under the age of 35 years. Nevertheless, the economic and financial effects of these debts are felt beyond this age bracket. Currently, most of the people in the United States own a job and receive wages. FICO (2013) reveals that most of the individuals from the age of 18 to 60 receive some form of basic payment for their work and are forced to bear the burden of repaying part of the studentsââ¬â¢ debts, especially defaulters. The increasing studentsââ¬â¢ debts emanating from defaulters mean that everyone deducted some amount from their salaries to provide these costs. Therefore, it is difficult for some people to receive the required amount of wages since they have to participate in the repayment of the accumulati ng student loans. The rates at which student debts are being taken and repaid in the American society has a continuously largely fluctuated since 2007. While more students are taking largest student loans, those who have graduated are now paying at a slower rate. The International Monetary Fund (2011) shows that the enrollment level has increased in the past years due to the encouragement for education among the youth. Governmental programs to aid in promoting higher education, such as the GED program amongst others, have also greatly influenced peopleââ¬â¢s decisions to enhance their education towards higher levels. Consequently, the population of people at schools in the United States is growing, thus increasing the level of student debts owed to the state. Moreover, the states have to compensate on the amount owed to them by the students through borrowings from other sectors. The rising expenses for living in the United States witnessed through high costs of housing, reducing incomes and increasing student debts, merge and lead to severe economic effects in the entire country. Nautet and Meensel (2010) emphasize that the high student debts in the United States is affecting the economy negatively and may increase the living costs of every citizen in the country. This will continue happening if effective measures are not adopted to regulate these debts. In the past, student loan debts did not threaten the economy of the state through balancing effects of income and potential. The accumulation of debts was not so high since the students who completed their studies in universities and colleges could procure jobs immediately and start repaying their loans. Such large percentage was accompanied by high and rising income levels. In fact, most of the students could afford to spare a percentage every month in order to pay their student debts. Therefore, there was a balancing effect in the economy since the borrowed amount was equaled by the amount repaid. The state had to bear the burden of giving loans without necessarily getting them reimbursed at the required time for its activities. The increasing burden will continue in a foreseable future and will lower economic activities in different states in the U.S. The amount that the state is investing in giving students loans is currently higher than the amount being repaid. Oââ¬â¢Shea (2013) insists that there will be a deficit every year, hence necessitating the government to borrow funds from the other sectors of the government to meet their need. Borrowing finances from the other sectors of the budget will continue to have economic effect on the state. The government will have to save on its expenditure foreseen for some developmental projects to meet the increasing loans of students in the economy. Thus, other sectors and functions of the stateââ¬â¢s budget will suffer due to increased student debts. With the current trend in rise of student debts and costs of living in the state, the projected future threatens the state where the government budget will be stalled. A large percentage of the stateââ¬â¢s finances will be delayed due the student debts. The costs of living will increase resulting in lower repayment rates. Moreover, the unfavorable costs of living would raise the debt by forcing students to borrow in order to meet the high fee demands in their respective colleges and universities. Nautet and Meensel (2010) reveals that it is threatening that the population will not be in a position to pay their school fees without assistance of student loans. It will result in high rates of the student loans. The stateââ¬â¢s responsibility for this process will force sourcing money from its reserve of the budget. When the budget becomes completely strained beyond the stage for more manipulation, the government will have to surplus its financial deficit through increased taxes fo r its citizens. Moreover, it will be necessary to increase the rate of taxes for its citizens in order to increase the revenue rates and provide the increased budget needs due to the higher rates of student borrowing and lowered repayment rates. Increased tax rates for the citizens could lead to the higher cost of living in the country. Consequently, the effect of high student loans and debts on the economy of the United States has a cyclical effect that influences all sectors of the economy and all levels of individuals. The high rate of student loans is also a threat to the future state of retirement security and insurance programs for the retired and the elderly population. The International Monetary Fund (2011) indicates that a study conducted by the Boston College Center for Retirement indicated that 62% of the American working population aged between 30 to 39 is projected to have insufficient resources to cater for their later retirement ages. Mishory and Oââ¬â¢Sullivan (2013) opine that more than 20% of the population at this level has the current debts of more than $50,000. This amount is also at an increasing rate over the years. At the same time, the population ages expected for future retirement is also increased at a large rate. This means that the financial strength and planning required to cater for these individuals when they retire is currently impossible. The inadequacy of retirement savings and planning for the society together with the generally rising costs of living would cause more debts to the citizens, hence leading the country into a financial crisis. Mishory and Oââ¬â¢Sullivan (2013) state that families with parents aged between 65 and 74 years with a housing debt carry an average median debt load of $70,000. In addition to the student loan debts, these debts amounts to huge sums that cannot be repaid from the retirement benefits, pensions, and insurance payoffs. Considering the current situation, most families will not be able to receive adequate retirement benefits, hence leading to the persistence of debts in the economy. The trend at which the state is heading in terms of loans is one that threatens the ability of the government to support effectively its citizens and ensure the modest standards of living to its citizens. It is vital that the state and trend of student loans as well as their effects on the economy are mitigated to save on the potential terminal future. According to Elliot and Lewis (2013), the state needs to invest hastily in programs and initiatives that will lower the cost of educational tuition. This is especially common in institutions of higher learning. The beginning of the challenge of high student loans and its effects on the economy of the state is the fact that studentââ¬â¢s education in these institutions of education is high. The programs, such as offering incentives to the institutions and building more educational establishments, will reduce the costs at which they price their education. The cheaper university education in the country will be more affordable for students and their families. Nautet and Meensel (2010) observe that this step will be instrumental in reducing the number of people who require studentsââ¬â¢ loans to get higher education. Therefore, this will reduce its effect on the economy and large population of the country since there will be small amounts of unpaid student loans. The burden on the government to provide fees for the studentsââ¬â¢ tuition would be also alleviated, hence eliminating the need for the government to continuously engage in educational support programs for the students. It is imperative to continue ensuring that students meet their debt obligations to eliminate uncertainties about government finances. In conclusion, the U.S. government has the responsibility of ensuring that its citizens fulfill their lives in the economy. The government has the duty to ensure that the economy is performing for the benefit of everyone in the country. Increasing the wealth and income inequality gap will harm the economy in the future due to the reduced activities in the derivative markets that require participation of everyone in the entire country. Moreover, it will be difficult for the government to have the democracy of protecting its citizens through fiscal policies due the domination of the economy by the wealthy individuals who use their financial power to rule over others. Institutional regulatory systems in the financial sector will also be weakened due to the control of wealthy individuals. Additionally, increasing opportunities for fulltime employment will have both positive and negative long-term consequences. Concerning its positive side, there will be increased incomes for families, he nce improving their living standards and ability to purchase different products. In addition, there will be situations where firms will have to deal with high costs of labor in the economy and might regulate it by reducing the benefits and allowances that these employees get from the provision of their services. Increasing student loans would overburden other citizens through higher taxation to meet these costs. The effect exceeds the defaulters or those who require more time to settle their loans. Moreover, the government might be forced to stall some of its projects to meet the student loans in the best possible manner. With these events, the government should work in cooperation with economists to ensure that the future of the U.S economy is secured through sound economic policies that capture each of these ideas. Overlooking any of these issues could plunge the economy into a crisis that would need more time to be solved, hence missing other developmental opportunities for the U.S. economy.
Wednesday, March 4, 2020
Flower Shop Chemistry Magic Trick - Violets
Flower Shop Chemistry Magic Trick - Violets In this chemistry magic trick, youll produce the odor of violets by mixing two common chemicals. This demonstration is also known as the flower shop magic trick. Odor of Violets - Materials Sodium carbonate and castor oil are sold at many stores. Sodium carbonate is used in cooking and as a water softener. Castor oil usually is sold in the pharmacy section. sodium carbonate [buy online]castor oil [buy online] Perform the Trick This is a terrific chemistry demonstration because the materials are common and inexpensive and its extremely quick and easy to perform: In a dry test tube or small beaker, add a scoop of sodium carbonate and 3 drops of castor oil.Heat the container in a burner flame or on a hot plate until a cloud of white vapor rises from the chemicals.Walk around the room with the glassware to allow the fragrance to dissipate. The odor of violets is evident. How It Works When sodium carbonate and castor oil are heated together, one of the products is ionone. Although it is a simple demonstration, this is a fairly complicated reaction, in which citral and acetone with calcium oxide catalyze an aldol condensation followed by a rearrangement reaction. A mixture of alpha and beta ionone is responsible for the characteristic odor of violets. Beta ionone is a component of the fragrance responsible for the scent of roses, too. Natural or synthetic ionone is used in many perfumes and flavorings. In flowers, ionones derive from the degradation of carotenoids, which are pigment molecules. An interesting property of violets is that they are responsible for another type of chemical magic. Violets temporarily steal your sense of smell! Initially, ionone binds to scent receptors and stimulates them, so you smell the odor of violets. Then, for a few moments, the receptors are unable to receive further stimulus. You lose awareness of the fragrance, only to regain it when it registers as a new smell. Whether you like the scent of violets or not, its a scent that cant become overpowering or fade with time. Learn More More Science Magic TricksMake Rose WaterDesign Your Own Perfume
Sunday, February 16, 2020
Principles and Practices of Leadership and Management Essay - 1
Principles and Practices of Leadership and Management - Essay Example In this paper, there are several contingency models which have been discussed to outline the theories of leadership in the society. Contingency Theory of Decision Making As per this model, the success of a decision procedure is contingent upon a number of instances of the situation. This involves the significance of the decision attributes and acceptance, the extent of relevant information owned by the leader and subordinates. Also, there is the possibility that subordinates will admit an autocratic verdict or cooperate in attempting to make a good decision when allowed to participate. In addition, there is the degree of disagreement among workers with regard to their favored alternatives. Pathââ¬âGoal Theory The theory suggests that the leader should assist explicate the path for workers to achieve the group goals. This is where the leader employs particular behaviors in particular situations to intensify follower satisfaction as well as motivate efforts in the direction of task accomplishment. The theory recognizes four kinds of leader behavior which includes supportive, directive, achievement oriented and participative leader behavior. In instances where the task is taxed, the theory forecast that supportive behaviors of leadership may increase the workers' interest in task completion and encourage workers' expectations for an effective outcome. On the other hand, in instances where the task is complicated, then the directive behaviors such as explaining the task and emphasizing on rewards on good performance may increase the workers positive expectation (House, 1996). Normative Decision Model This theory exclusively focuses on providing prescriptions to enhance the decision-making process of the leader. It gives out a set of 5 different strategies of decision-making that range from directive decision making to a participative one. The finest strategy for making decision situations may be arrived at by answering ââ¬Å"yes/noâ⬠to 7 questions based on a decision tree which may characterize the situation for decision-making. The significance of decision quality, the probability that workers would accept to execute the decision as well as the quantity of available information required for the decision amounts to some of the examples of situational considerations (Smith, 1984). Situational Leadership Theory The theory proposes that the effectiveness of leadership depends purely on the ability of the leader to customize his/her behavior to the necessity of the situation. For instance, the workersââ¬â¢ level of maturity. The function of the leader is to constantly evaluate and modifies his/her behavior to each workersââ¬â¢ task and psychological maturity to accomplish the task in sight. For example, when a worker happens to have lower maturity, then the leader should assist the employee on how to carry out the job. However, when a worker is more mature, then probably he/she does not require much assistance to have the work do ne. In this situation, it would be proper to delegate the task to the employee. Studies back the theory's hypothesis that low maturity workers mostly take advantage of the directive behavior. The theory has however been disapproved for its limited focus on only a single situational element, but it has played a part in the understanding of the effectiveness
Sunday, February 2, 2020
DVD Review At Deaths Door Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words
DVD Review At Deaths Door - Essay Example Dr. Patel is accused of conducting operations on patients that would have survived without the operations. The doctor also defends himself on several occasions, at one point arguing that his patient Barry that had cancer could survive after an operation Unit (ABC News, 2010; Sparkk TV, 2014). Several legal and ethical issues are identified in DVD especially by Toni Hoffman and other nurses. First, Dr. Patel conducted surgery in the hospital despite being informed that the facility would not allow for successful surgery (ABC News, 2010). This surgery led to the death of the patient. On another note, the doctor was said to be extremely concerned with making money as opposed to the general well being of the patients (ABC News, 2010; CNN, 2010). The doctor is seen to constantly pressuring the nurses to meet the deadlines set. Worse still, a great percentage of the patients were forced to take on surgery despite their conditions not being worse. ABC News, (2010) and CNN (2010) indicate that Dr. Patel even worked in odd hours all in an attempt to make more money. The doctor also gave old fashioned treatments, filled wrong information on the charts and even the patients had long delays before transfers. Dr. Patel even conducted medical treatments that were wrong such as treatin g the man with a caravan roll on his chest who later died (ABC News, 2010; CNN, 2010). The nurses involved were affected in a great way by the activities conducted by Dr. Patel. From the movie, it is evident that the nurses were affected both psychologically and emotionally and some could barely stand the deaths that were taking place. A notable example is Toni Hoffman who is indicated to go through emotional stress and even went through sleepless nights trying to figure out what would be the suitable resolution to their problem (ABC News, 2010). Toniââ¬â¢s mother explains how she went through stress and could barely lead a normal life. Among the positive actions undertaken by all parties
Saturday, January 25, 2020
Easyjet S Response To Social Responsibility Needs
Easyjet S Response To Social Responsibility Needs The intended purpose of Our research papers is that they are used as models to assist in the preparation of Your own research papers. We neither endorse nor tolerate any form of plagiarism, whole or partial, and will not engage in any activity that facilitates cheating. Papers For You or its affiliates will NEVER sell a model paper to ANY student giving us ANY reason to believe that (s)he will submit our work, either in whole or part, for academic credit at any institution under their own name!!! PLAGIARISM IS A CRIME!!!! By purchasing research papers from Us you undertake not to pass off or submit (for any purpose whatsoever) all or any constituent part of the Paper commissioned by You, from Papers For You, as your own work or that of a third-party. 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Please have a look at the Suggested use of our papers If you quote from our paper you must reference the paper in the References or Bibliography section of your assignment, coursework or dissertation (according to the Harvard System of Referencing): Papers For You (year of the paper) Number of the paper and title of the paper, Available from http://www.papers4you.com [Accessed date] Papers 4 You.Com Introduction Since corporations have to draw on the community in which they operate for resources, they also have obligations to their multiple stakeholders, namely, those who get affected by corporate policies and practices who may affect the corporation in turn. This means that businesses dont just have financial accountability but also social and environmental responsibility (Aga, 2004; pg 13). Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a doctrine which means that a business, apart from making profits, has a responsibility towards the society and its people. Holme (2006) defines social responsibility as the continuing commitment by business to behave ethically and contribute to economic development while improving the quality of life of the workforce and their families as well as of the local community and society at large. It is about achieving commercial success in ways that honor ethical values and respect people, communities and the natural environment (Aga, 2004; pg 13). The fundamental ide a of CSR is that business corporations have an obligation to work towards meeting the needs of a wider array of stakeholders (Clarkson, 1995; Waddock et al., 2002). More generally, CSR is a set of management practices that ensures the company maximizes the positive impacts of its operations on society or operating in a manner that meets and even exceeds the legal, ethical, commercial and public expectations that society has of business (BSR, 2001, cited in Jamali Mirshak, 2006 ; pg 251). Traditionally, it has been the governments which have assumed the responsibility of improving peoples living conditions but societal needs, now, have exceeded the capabilities of the governments to fulfill them. (Jamali Mirshak, 2006; pg 243) This has turned the spotlight to businesses to play a more responsible and societal role. CSR has really taken off in the last few years, so much so, that businesses seek to differentiate themselves through their CSR engagement. Good examples of that would be Tescos green marketing campaign, Nestle and Krafts fair trade coffee campaign, Experians (Credit Reference Agency) announcement of switching over to renewable energy and making its UK sites run on electricity from green sources. With the climate change issue taking front stage at global conferences, CSR has become a key strategic issue for the aviation industry. Low cost airliners in particular have faced the flak for polluting the environment; they are continuously being blamed by environmentalists for violating the emission norms and are held responsible for bringing about a climate change. Tony Pilcher (2007; pg 25), head of global business travel management at HSBC, pointed out that those who believe climate change is just a passing fad must change their attitude quickly. As a result of all this, economy carriers like easyJet are being driven to change their business process to contribute to tackling the issue of climate change. The study analyzes the proactive and reactive measures easyJet is taking or has taken to make air travel more efficient and environment friendly. Discussion and Analysis Views on socially responsible practices within the aviation sector range from one extreme to the other. Skeptics and other aviation experts believe that Social Responsibility tends to dilute business focus on growth and profitability. Proponents of CSR however believe that CSR gives the aviation businesses an opportunity to look beyond economic returns and take the wider social concerns into consideration. (Jackson and Nelson, 2004; Rudolph, 2005). At the core of the Social Responsibility debate is the idea that aviation industry should undergo a transition from a state of mere compliance to a mode of engagement, from harm minimization to value creation (Luetkenhorst, 2004; Novak, 1996). Major changes have taken place in the European airline industry during the last decade. Although the top players are still full-service carriers (FSC), LCCs like easyJet have achieved strong market positions in the last few years. easyJet, with 29mn passengers in 2005, is in the same league as FSCs like Lufthansa, Air France etc. easyJet was founded by entrepreneur Stelio Haji-Ioannou in 1995 and now operates in 218 routes in Europe, across 65 airports and 62 cities. (easy Jet Company Reports, 2006). Because of the shift in environmental spotlight to the low cost carriers and the aviation sector in general, airliners are being driven to take steps to manage and control the adverse affects on climate change. There has been a renewed focus on social responsibility (especially towards the environment). easyJet is in the process of tackling the issue in its own way. While some changes have been explicitly embarked upon by easyJet, other are embedded in its business model. easyJets business model make sure that some of the environmental benefits are inherently embedded in it. Some of the social and environmental benefits of its business model are discussed below Traditional carriers normally work on a hub and spoke system where passengers have to take two or more flights to get to their destination. EasyJet provides direct short-haul point-to-point services without any connecting services between two locations. This helps cutting down on emissions automatically. Since 2000, easyJets CO2 emissions per passenger per kilometre has reduced by 18%. (easyJet Corporate and Social Responsibility Report, 2007) Another aspect of easyJets business model is to use smaller and less congested airports to avoid high congestion charges and landing fees. Larger airports tend to require aircraft to fly longer holding patterns and longer taxi times to and from the runway leading to higher fuel emissions (easyJet Plc, Annual Report and Accounts, 2006). EasyJet, therefore, has comparably lower emissions as compared to full scale carriers. Waste minimization Easy Jets distribution is purely internet based. The virtue of being a ticket less airline helps minimize waste in the form of paper documents. On board waste is reduced by not offering free food service. Emission per passenger EasyJet claims to have more spacious and bigger aircrafts than other low cost carriers. Eg. The typical seating configuration of an Airbus A319 is 124 seats (source: Airbus). easyJets no-frills service allows them to reduce the space and weight inside the plane devoted to galleys, lavatories and storage. Their Airbus A319s fly with 156 seats which mean they typically carry more passengers per flight thereby reducing emissions per passenger. Each of easyJets A319s carries 26% more seats than the norm and carries up to 57% more passengers per flight than the European norm meaning that the typical European airline operating an Airbus A319 would burn 27% more fuel per passenger. (easyJet Plc, Annual Report and Accounts, 2006). Efficient on the ground easyJets business model is centered on high aircraft utilization which tends to minimize the turnaround time. It makes minimal use of ground equipment, has shorter dwelling time on the ramp and keeps surface journey to a minimum. All this seems to minimize waste and have minimal adverse affect on the environment. Apart from the social benefits, easyJet draws from its business model; it is also taking major steps in becoming a more socially responsible organization. As an employer, it is committed to play a leading role in the future environmental performance of the aviation industry. The steps that it has taken so far include: Changing its business model in wake of rising environmental concerns. Up till now, its business model centered on cost reduction. easyJet is now planning to embark on an advertising strategy focusing on social responsibility. With its latest campaign, it will try to differentiate itself against other carriers through its environment friendly activities. It is repositioning itself to give it a new image and has planned a major shift in its advertising strategy away from price-driven offers to promoting its green credentials through its new campaign highlighting its efficiency in reducing carbon emissions. Reforming of the air traffic system to reduce congestion. Technological up gradation of aircrafts. easyJet is working to reduce emission per aircraft through new generation aircrafts. It is actively engaging with airframe and engine manufacturers on the application of new technologies for the next generation of short-haul aircraft. Its Chief Executive Andy Harrison points out that in 2006, easyJet removed 22 older aircraft at a cost of over à £275 million as part of their drive for efficiency and in the coming four years they plan to buy 100 brand-new Airbus A319s to lead the Green growth in the aviation sector. (easyJet Corporate and Social Responsibility Report 2007) Giving customers the most comprehensive range of environmental information available for travel to a particular destination, and helping them to offset the carbon emissions of their flight. (easyJet corporate and social responsibility Report, 2007) Paying renewed attention to cleanliness of aircrafts for waste minimization and adding more efficiency to its recycling and waste disposal system Leading the way in shaping a greener future for aviation with its campaign for inclusion of aviation in the European Unions Emissions Trading Scheme and EUs Single European Skies programme. It is forecasted that if the EUs Single European Skies programme gets implemented, it could lead to a 12% reduction in flying distances by reducing the patchwork of European traffic control centres. (easyJet Corporate and Social Responsibility Report 2007) Trying to make its fleet compliant to latest international noise and emission standards to tackle the issue of pollution and reduce CO2 emissions. For achieving this environmental efficiency, easyJet has established an environmental code to monitor progress towards its targets. It has a strategy of being environmental friendly both in the air and on the ground. It strives to do this with the help of technological up gradation as new technology aircrafts are more fuel efficient. Its policy is to grow its fleet using the latest technological aircraft, whilst retiring older aircraft usually within seven to ten years of delivery (easyJet Plc, Annual Report and Accounts, 2006). easyJets socially responsible activities also extend to its employees. It is committed to equality and diversity and is an equal opportunities employer. It also complies with age discrimination laws. Attitude and Motives There has been a debate over easyJets response to social responsibility. Friedman (1983) pointed out, Business of business is business, by which he meant that the only motive of a business is wealth creation. With easyJets social responsibility activities, it looks as if; it has taken up CSR activities because of wealth creation rather than social, ethical and environmental concerns. Theorists like Fisher and Lovell (2003) have debated whether organizations CSR activities reflect their genuine concern for the society or whether they embark on CSR activities for business growth and profitability. CSR is slowly becoming a niche segment in itself, which provides organizations with new business opportunities and new segment of customers to cater to. Researchers identify two types of CSR behavior. One, which adopt CSR practices purely because of business reasons and where ethics and the concern for stakeholders other than the promoters do not matter. The other kind is more responsible whe re profit maximization is subject to ethical restraints, appropriate discharge of the companys social responsibility, and a balanced concern for the needs of all the stakeholders, not just the promoters. It is very difficult to classify easyJets social responsibility activities. Conclusions While CSR movements have definitely picked up over the last few years, the motives behind easyJets CSR activities remains open to debate, as most companies like easyjet seem to embark on CSR activities more for business and profitability reasons rather than ethical and social reasons. As highlighted in the text, easyJet is using mainstream marketing to propagate their CSR practices to help redefine their brand image from a low cost carrier to a low-cost ethical carrier. This definitely has an impact on the consumers because the greatly increased profile of CSR activities in general suggests that the concept has a potential to attract environment friendly consumers who can also become a potential advocate for the brand. Organizations like easyJet might be highlighting their CSR operations to market their products but as Fisher Lovell (2003) point out, most organizations social responsibility efforts are little more than Public Relations campaigns designed to promote corporate brands by creating the appearance of being good corporate citizens. But, under the present environmental concerns, Easy Jet, as an organization, is doing what it is supposed to do; making money for the owners by obeying relevant environmental and social rules. While easyJet efforts in responding to environmental change efforts cannot be belittled, the motive behind the efforts still remains unclear. Whether easyJet sees social responsibility as a narrow conception entailing economic and legal responsibilities or a broader concept entailing a wider range of economic, legal, ethical, moral, and philanthropic responsibilities is unclear. References Aga, A (2004) Management Paradigms Beyond Profit Maximization, vol 29, no 3, p 13 Choueke,M (2006),EasyJet abandons price-led campaigns for green focus, Marketing Week (01419285), Vol. 29 Issue 45, p3-3, Clarkson, M (1995), A Stakeholder Framework For Analyzing and Evaluating Corporate Social Responsibility , The Academy of Management Review 20(1), 92- 118. easyJet: Annual Report and Accounts (2006) Corporate and Social responsibility Report http://www.easyjet.com/common/img/easyJet_CRS.pdf, Date accessed 01/06/2007 easyJet Corporate and Social Responsibility Report (2007) easyJet promises action on environmental-efficiency http://www.easier.com/view/Travel/Flights/easyJet/article-99999.html Date accessed 02/06/2007 Fisher, C. and Lovell, A. (2003) Business Ethics and Values,London, FT/Prentice Hall; Holme (2006) CSR- Introduction http://www.tutor2u.net/business/strategy/corporate-social-responsibility-introduction.html Date accessed 09/05/2007 Jackson, I. and J. Nelson (2004), Values-Driven Performance: Seven Strategies For Delivering Profits With Principles, Ivey Business Journal 69(2), 1-8. Jamali, D Mirshak, R (2005) Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR): Theory and Practice in a Developing Country Context Journal of Business Ethics (2007) 72:243-262 Luetkenhorst, W, (2004), Corporate Social Responsibility and the Development Agenda_, Inter economics 39(3), 157-168. Pitcher, T (2007) ITM Conference, Climate Concerns us all, Travel Trade Gazette UK Ireland, Issue 2760, p25-25 Rudolph, P. Letters To The Editor (2005), An Adam Smith Look At Green Regulations, The Wall Street Journal June 6.
Friday, January 17, 2020
Homework 5 Solution
Tax 4001 Spring 2011 Homework Set #5 Solution PAGE 1 # 1 a) Amount Realized$37,500 Basis(45,000) Real Loss(7,500) Recognized Loss$0 because personal use asset c. The real loss is $0. b) Same as (a). Like-kind exchange rules do not apply to personal-use assets c)Her recognized loss is $0. Since the form of the transaction is a theft, the recognized loss is the lesser of the adjusted basis or the fair market value of the asset, reduced by the insurance proceeds that she received (see Chapter 6).Therefore, the opportunity for the theft loss deduction on personal use property is not present in this case because the insurance proceeds received of $37,500 equal the fair market value of $37,500. #2 a. amt realized$65,000 ââ¬Å"lossâ⬠basis 76,000 Recognized Loss(11,000) b. $0. The proceeds of $68,000 are between the gain basis of $80,000 and the loss basis of $60,000. Therefore, neither gain nor loss is recognized. #3 a. $225,000 b. $200,000 (note: only the building can be depreciated ) c. $225,000 Basis for the gain is adjusted basis d. She would be better off to sell the house and buy another one.Because the house is her personal residence, she could exclude the gain on sale. Then she would be able to depreciate the new house at a higher basis #4 a. Amt. Realized$265,000 Adj Basis 175,000 Real Gain90,000 b. Recoginzed Gain is $65,000 which is the less of realized gain or boot received. c. Adjusted basis of Land| $175,000| Gain Recognized| 65,000| Boot| (65,000)| Adj Basis of Building| 175,000| . Tax 4001 Spring 2011 Homework Set #5 Solution PAGE 2 . #5 Amt. Realized$1,235,000 [125000 + 900000 + 210000] Less: Basis of Apt850,000 Real Gain 385,000 b. Recog Gain$335,000 Cash plus mortgage Postponed Gain$50,000 . | | Basis of Apt Bldg| $850,000| + gain recognized| 335,000| Less: Boot received| (335,000)| Basis of Office Bldg| $850,000| #6| | Cost| $200,000| Legal Fees| $21,500| Streets and Sewers| $700,000| Basis| $921,500| #7 Basis b4 casualty$10,000 Insurance pro ceeds 13,500 Casualty Gain3,500 Basis after insurance ââ¬â #8 FIFO method used to determine which shares were sold, therefore Tommy Is treated as having sold 100 of the shares he purchased on 10/16/06 Per Share Basis = $7500/125 shares = $ X Number of Shares Sold (100) =$ 60 6,000 per share Basis of Shares Sold Sales Procceds| 18,000| Less: Basis| (6,000)|LTCG| $ 12,000| Tax 4001 Spring 2011 Homework Set #5 Solution PAGE3 30. | a. | Realized gain- $9,000 [($12,000 fair market value of new asset+ $4,000 boot received)-$7,000 adjusted basis of old asset]. Recognized gain= $4,000. | | | Postponed gain= $5,000. | | | New basis= $7,000 ($12,000 fair market value of new asset- $5,000 postponed gain). | | b. | Realized loss = $1,000. | | | Recognized loss= $-0-. | | | Postponed loss= $1,000. | | | New basis= $16,000 ($15,000 fair market value of new asset+ $1,000 postponed loss). | | c. | Realized loss = $1,500. Recognized loss= $-0-. | | | Postponed loss= $1,500. | | New basis= $9,500 ($8,000 fair market value of new asset+ $1,500 postponed loss). | | d. | Realized gain= $10,000. Recognized gain = $-0-. | | | Postponed gain= $10,000. | | | New basis = $22,000 ($32,000 fair market value of new asset ââ¬â $10,000 postponed| | | gain). | | e. | Realized gain = $2,000. | | | Recognized gain= $1,000. | | | Postponed gain= $1,000. | | | New basis= $10,000 ($11,000 fair market value of new asset- $1,000 postponed gain). | | f. | Realized loss = $2,000. Recognized loss= $-0-. | | | Postponed loss= $2,000. | | | New basis= $10,000 ($8,000 fair market value of new asset+ $2,000 postponed loss). Tax 4001 Spring 2011 Homework Set #5 Solution PAGE4 32. a. Since the owner is an owner-investor, the taxpayer use test applies. Replacing the warehouse that is rented to various tenants with a shopping mall that is rented to various tenants in a different location qualifies as replacement property. Amount realized Adjusted basis Realized gain $ 700,000 (470,000) $ 230,000 Recog nized gain $ -0- The basis for the replacement property is: Cost Postponed gain Basis $ 700,000 (230,000) $ 470000 b. Since the owner is an owner-user, the functional use test applies.Replacing the warehouse used in his business with another warehouse in a different state which is to be used in his business qualifies as replacement property under the functional use test. Amount realized Adjusted basis Realized gain Recognized gain $ 400,000 (300,000) $ 100,000 $ -0- The basis for the replacement property is: Cost Postponed gain Basis $ 400,000 (100,000) $ 300,000 c. Since Swallow was an owner-user of the building, the functional use test applies. Thus, Swallow's use of the replacement property and of the involuntarily converted property must be the same.Since Swallow's use of the four-unit apartment building is different from the use of the building in its retail business, the apartment building does not qualify as replacement property. Amount realized Adjusted basis Realized gain R ecognized gain $ 300,000 (250,000) $ 50,000 $ 50,000 The basis for the apartment building is its cost of $300,000. d. Not qualified replacement property because they are owner-users so functional-use test applies. Thus they must recognize their realized gain of $30,000 and their basis in the duplex is $200,000.
Thursday, January 9, 2020
Plato Was An Ancient Greek Philosopher Essay - 1698 Words
Plato was an ancient Greek philosopher thought to have been born in 428 B.C, he was the son of Ariston and was brought up in an aristocratic way of life. Because of his social status and connections he obtained through his family, it was thought he would inevitably end up involved in Athenian political life, but this did not happen to such an extent, a friend of his, Socrates had an enormous effect on him and why he did not end up with a prominent role in politics. He explains this in his Seventh Letter, and tells of after the revolution, the government put in charge, being friends and family of his, called on him to join them. He believed they would turn their unjust city just however, this was not the case and in Platoââ¬â¢s words ââ¬ËI saw that these men make the former constitution seem like a golden age by comparisonââ¬â¢ This new power sought to involve Socrates in their unholy expeditions, irrespective of whether or not he wished it, this lead to Socrates putting hi mself and his life at risk when he refused to be a part of their injustice. This is when Plato removed himself with disgust at the evils being done, not long after he withdrew the thirty were overthrown and Plato hesitantly re-joined in public affairs and politics until once again, Socrates was called on and this time he was accused of the most unholy act of impiety and sentenced to death. 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